Does the Development Process Simply Reinforce Gender Inequality Essay

Does the Development Process Simply Reinforce Gender Inequality - Essay Example According to Lemel and Noll, 1(2002) Gender inequality is widely regarded as being the unequal access to various material resources, privileges, power and status by women as compared to men. Gender inequality is commonly seen to have a number of various interactions with other inequalities such as age, class and ethnic based inequalities. This is seen to indicated that gender inequality happens to have a number of aspects which may include inequalities such as inequalities in wages and income, inequality as pertaining to there being differential access to a given labor market in addition to the labor market having a segregated structure2. Effects of Gender Inequality According to a recent IMF Global Monitoring report that sought to confront among other things the challenges of gender equality, gender inequality in resources, rights and voice can essentially be seen to surface in three key domains. These are in the household, in the society as well as in the markets and economy3. The report further indicates that while gender equality in the household between both women and men helps in changing the basic allocation of the house hold expenditures a factor that results in more resources being devoted to health and children’s education, gender inequality is seen to widely influence the general distribution of the various household tasks, this often results in a limitation of the women’s ability to not only work outside the homes but it also limits their control over fertility decisions. Gender inequality in the market is often seen to be largely reflected in there being unequal access to a number of resources such as labor markets, land, credit and new production technologies. Gender inequality in society is often expressed by there being a number of restrictions that are seen to actively limit women participation in not only civic but also political life. Globalization and the Reinforcement of Gender Inequality Although globalization in developing countries can arguably be viewed as having opened significantly more opportunities for women and has been key in providing women with paid employment in addition to creating a suitable channel that essentially serves to provide an avenue out of their currently restricted lives, it is the common belief of many that most of the work in the current new global economy is mostly exploitative, and in some instances, it actually tends to make life significantly more difficult as compared to before the surge in globalization was experienced. To further emphasize on this aspect Murray (2008)4 quotes a report from the Emory University that states that most critics happen to fear globalization as pertains to its integrati on of all countries into a common world society, the critics fear this will inevitably result in an exacerbation of gender inequality that might potentially harm women and especially so those in developing countries. A number of feminist researchers have managed to demonstrate that globalization is essentially not a gender-neutral process5. Globalization is seen to affect women and men differently under varying circumstances. According to Brock-Utne and Garbo, (2009)6, globalization tends to frequently reinforce the

The Virgin Group of Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Virgin Group of Companies - Essay Example The Virgin Group of Companies has managed to grow over the years from being a simple student magazine to mail order music retailer to one of the easily recognizable global brand names today. Despite its size, it has remained an entrepreneurial company that values innovation and risk-taking whenever an opportunity exists and wherever a market beckons. Contrary to what most business experts would opine, it has benefited from the diversity of its business lines by using synergies between related industries. Becoming a conglomerate did not make the Virgin Group lose its small business mindset which is to take calculated risks after conducting a rigorous market study on its prospective investments. Further, this small firm mentality translates into not only a constant search for innovative ideas but also to some powerful business drivers like employee empowerment and customer feedback. All of this is due to the fact Sir Richard Branson maintains a hands-on approach to management, reflecte d in its thin management layer, a tiny corporate board and an even tinier corporate offices. Besides having a somewhat unique business name, this group thrived on the concept of working harder to exploit certain market distortions, customer dissatisfaction and decidedly calculated risk taking. Its diverse businesses is a source of its strength, contrary to what some experts say. Having a maverick chief executive with a penchant for publicity stunts is a big help but that is not the only success factor. The diversity of its business areas allowed for synergies to be derived from related companies and nowhere is this shown concretely than in the case of Virgin Holidays in relation to Virgin Atlantic Airways. It basically catered to the same market segment – people who took flights from London to either New York or Miami. The global travel industry can be characterized as an oligopoly where a few market players control a big size of the industry. This is known in economic theory as C4 where the top four firms control 60% or more of an industrys total sales.  

Food Quality Essay Example for Free

Food Quality Essay * Relates to excellent product or services that fulfills or exceeds our expectations Food Quality * Includes all attributes that influence product’s value to the consumers. This includes, Negative attributes (e. g. spoilage, contamination with filth, discoloration, off odors flavors; Positive attributes (e. g. origin, color, flavor, texture and processing method used. -Food Quality is a term which may refer to several things: ¦ the extent to which food contains the nutrients that match the kind and quantity of the nutritional needs of the person consuming the food  ¦ the extent to which the food is attractive in appearance taste  ¦ the extent to which food is free from pathogenic bacteria undesirable materials such as insecticides antibiotic residues, etc FOOD QUALITY 1. Composite of characteristics/ attributes which differs from one unit to another 2. Totality of features/ characteristics of a product that bear on its ability to satisfy a given need: Needs: Safety Usability Availability Economics. Maintainability Environment Reliability 3. Uniformity, consistency and conformity to a given standard or specifications 4. A statement of what the user wants what the manufacturer can provide 5. â€Å"Fitness for use†, â€Å"satisfaction level of costumers† Other Ways of Describing Quality 1. Fast selling brand of a food product might be labeled as â€Å"Extra Special Quality† 2. Products that are sold abroad may be termed as â€Å"Export Quality† 3. Some consumers may gauge quality in terms of brand popularity 4. From the large producer’s point of view, quality may mean product reliability. Small manufacturers – reliability may not be a concern, their concern is more on sell of the products. 5. In a seller’s market situation, product availability means quality Quality of Food is Based on the following: 1. Raw material – the quality of finished product is dependent on the quality of raw material 2. Sensory quality – food quality detectable by our senses can be categorized into 3: appearance texture flavor 3. Microbiological quality raw material and products should be free from toxin-producing microorganism QUALITY CONTROL Is Doing Things Right. THE FIRST TIME AND EVERYTIME Quality Control can also be defined as a. maintenance of specified finished product characteristics every time it is manufactured b. efficient control of raw material and of production process c. object of quality control is to produce a quality which: satisfies the consumers; as cheap as possible; can be delivered in time to meet delivery requirement d. is the function or collection of duties which must be performed throughout an organization in order to achieve its quality objectives Stages of Quality Control 1. Set the specifications. a. Exactly what the customer or market expects b. Price at which product can be sold c. Delivery date d. Capability of equipment/ machines e. Capability of available inspection and test equipment 2. Prepare to manufacture a. Decide how to process the product b. Decide what equipment to use c. Specify the quality of raw materials and possible suppliers d. The in-line personnel e. Plan inspection and in-process quality control 3. Actual Processing/ Manufacture 4. Correction of quality defects 5. Provide long-term quality control planning Defects in Foods Defect. perceptible deviation from product specs that makes product less fit, or unfit for consumption the lack of something essential or required; or an imperfection can occur singly or as a composite of several deviations Sources: 1. Raw material – biological system that deteriorates over time. 2. Personnel – staff’s commitment to their work and their ability to perform their task well. 3. In-process problems quality loss due to poor understanding of processing methods and use of inadequate machines due to lack of staff training Evidences of Defects Prevention Program: 1. Quality raw materials 2. Reduction of processing losses 3. Drop in the volume of rejects What is HACCP? * Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points * Prevention-based food safety system * A systematic approach to the identification, assessment of risk, and severity and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards associated with a particular food production process or practice (US FDA CFSAN, 2000) Two Important Terms * HAZARDS * CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS HAZARDS * Any biological, chemical, or physical property that may cause an unacceptable consumer health risk. * 3 major hazards. * Biological * Chemical * Physical -Biological Hazards * These organisms are commonly associated with humans and with raw products entering the food manufacturing facility. * Bacteria, foodborne viruses, parasites * Examples: * Salmonella, Listeria, Staphylococcus * Hepatitis A and Norwalk Viruses * Trichinella -Chemical Hazards * Chemical contaminants may be naturally occurring or may be added during the processing of the food. * Naturally Occurring Chemicals * Toxins from molds (aflatoxin) * Allergenic Proteins * Added Chemicals * Agricultural chemicals * Industrial chemicals. * Ingredients: Flavors enhancers, colors, preservatives -Physical Hazards * Foreign and extraneous materials * Foreign Materials * Anything that does not naturally occur in the food material * Hair, fingers (fingernails), plastic, metal filings, jewelry, gum etc. * Extraneous Materials * Anything that naturally occurs in the food but should not be there * Pits, seeds, peel, stems Critical Control Points * CCP’s * Process steps in specific food systems in which loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk 7 Principles of HACCP: 1. Identify hazards in the system 2. Determine critical control points 3. Establish critical limits 4. Establish monitoring procedures 5. Establish corrective actions 6. Establish verification procedure 7. Establish record keeping and documentation procedures Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) set of sanitary guidelines and control for compliance to assure safety and wholesomeness of foods. Concerns: 1. Personnel 2. Plant and grounds 3. Sanitary operation 4. Sanitary facilities and control 5. Equipment and utensils 6. Process and control Cleaning and Sanitization Cleaning – an operation that will remove at least 90% of the soil or dirt. Sanitization – application of sanitizers Sanitation – over-all cleanliness of the surroundings or anything that surrounds the food Steps: a. remove the debris b. pre-rinse c. application of cleaning aids d. post rinse e. sanitizing rinse FOOD SPOILAGE / DETERIORATION Food Spoilage/Deterioration -Includes losses in organoleptic desirability, nutritional value, safety and aesthetic appeal of the food -Food is subject to physical, chemical and biological deterioration, which go hand in hand Causal Factors: -Temperature (heat and cold) * Oxygen * Moisture * Light radiation * Time. * Natural food enzymes * Micro- and macro- organisms * Industrial contaminants * Some foods in the presence of other foods In general, deterioration is slowed down when the food is low in moisture, high in salt/sugar or acid Shelf-life and Dating of Foods Shelf-life is the time it takes a product to decline to an acceptable level time a product remains saleable MAQ minimum acceptable quality for the product must be defined by the manufacturers or retailers Actual length of shelf-life is dependent on a number of factors : 1. processing methods 2. packaging. 3. storage conditions Dating provides consumers some indication of the shelf-life or freshness of the products they buy Type of code dates include: * date of manufacture (â€Å"pack date†) * date the product was displayed (â€Å"display date†) * date by which the product should be sold (â€Å"sell by date†) * last date of maximal quality (â€Å"best used date†) * date beyond which the product is no longer acceptable (â€Å"use by date† or â€Å"expiration date†) Major Causes of Food Deterioration -often the following factors do not operate in isolation -as such, effective preservation must eliminate or minimize all of these factors in a given food to prevent/minimize deterioration 1. Growth activities and activities of microorganisms Bacteria, yeasts, molds Microbial growth curve * Conditions necessary for microorganisms to grow: * Source * Food residue * Moisture * Time * Temperature * Invasion of microorganisms is due to contamination which can be avoided by sanitary practices and proper processing procedures and packaging * Not all microorganisms can cause disease or food spoilage, others are useful for food processing * Food borne diseases special kind of deterioration that may or may not alter a food’s organoleptic properties 2. Infestation by insects, parasites and rodents. * Insects destroy 5-10% annual grain crops (US), in other countries (50%) * Parasites Examples of Parasites: * Trichinella spirallis, enters hogs eating uncooked food wastes; nematodes, penetrates hog intestines and find way into the pork Entamoeba histolytica, parasite associated to raw human excrement and can infect crops when raw human excrement is used as fertilizer -can cause amoebic dysentery * Rodents can consume large quantities of foods and they can contaminate food by filth they carry can spread diseases like: Salmonellosis Leptospirosis Typhoid fever Plague 3. Activities of food enzymes and other chemical reactions within food itself * food enzymes are natural in healthy, uninfected foods * activity is intensified right after harvest * activity is sometimes desirable * can be inactivated by heat, chemicals and irradiation, etc. 4. Inappropriate temperatures (heat and cold) for a given food * heat and cold – can cause deterioration if not controlled; 10-38 °C (normal working temperature) * excessive heat: denatures protein, breaks emulsion, dries out food by evaporation and destroys vitamins * uncontrolled cold: FAV are frozen – discoloration, changes in texture. can break emulsion such as in milk denatures milk protein chill injury 5. Either the gain or loss of moisture Aw and Moisture Content (needed by microorganisms for growth and by different chemical reactions) 6. Reaction with oxygen * can cause chemical oxidation of nutrients, colors, flavors * required for growth of some microorganisms * can be excluded by vacuum packaging, addition of oxygen scavengers 7. Light * can destroy some vitamins (riboflavin, A and C); deteriorates many food colors * in milk – can cause â€Å"sunlight flavors† (induced fat oxidation and changes in CHON) * Can be minimized by opaque packaging 8. Time * quality decreases with time * object is to maintain and capture freshness of foods * to prolong shelf life – adequate processing, packaging and storage Spoilage of Different Kinds of Foods 1. Bread Mold: results in discoloration of the bread Ropiness: soft and sticky to touch, caused by sporeforming bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis 2. Honey * high sugar(70-80%) and acidic (pH= 3. 2-4. 2) * chief cause of spoilage : Zygosaccharomyces mellis 3. Candy * not subject to microbial spoilage (high sugar and low MC) * except chocolate with soft centers (burst and may explode), cause by Clostridium spp. 4. Fruits and Vegetables * spoilage due to physical factors, action of their enzymes, microbial action or combination of these agents * microbial spoilage may be due to plant pathogen and/or saprophytic microorganisms * general type of spoilage: * bacterial soft rot (Erwinia caratova) * gray mold rot (Botrytis cinerea) * rhizopus rot (Rhizopus nigricans) * anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) * blue mold rot (Penicillium) * black mold rot (Aspergillus niger) 5. Fruit Juices * acidic (pH 2. 4-4. 7), all contain sugars (2-17%) * molds. * alcohol fermentation 6. Sauerkraut * inferior quality due to abnormal fermentation: high temp; low temp; too long fermentation * surface spoilage (destroy the acidity, permit other microorganisms to grow, softening, darkening and bad flavors) 7. Fresh Eggs * Defects: cracks, leaks, dirty spots on the exterior (will favor spoilage on storage) * Changes caused by microorganisms during storage: * green rot (Pseudomonas fluorescens) giving green color of the egg white * colorless rot (various microorganisms): yolk is affected 8. Meat and Meat Products. * raw meat: enzyme, microorganisms, oxidation of fats * beef: moderate amount of autolysis is desired to tenderize it, excessive autolysis (souring) * general principles: * Factors influencing invasion of tissues by microorganisms: * load in the gut of the animal * physiological condition of the animal before slaughter * method of killing and bleeding Factors affecting the growth of microorganisms in meat * kind and amount of microorganisms * physical properties of meat (exposed area, grinding) * chemical properties of the meat (MC, protein, CHO, pH). * availability of oxygen * temperature General types of spoilage in meat * aerobic condition: * surface slime (Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Micrococcus) * surface discoloration (Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus/Flavobacterium) * oxidation of fats * stickiness (molds) * whiskers (Thamnidium elegans, Mucor mucedo) * anaerobic condition: * putrefaction, souring Cured meats: addition of nitrates inhibit growth of microorganisms, spoilage same with fresh if stored improperly 9. Fish and Other Seafoods. * spoiled by autolysis, oxidation or bacterial activity * factors influencing spoilage: * kind of fish: flat fish vs. round fish, fatty fish deteriorates faster * condition of fish when caught: exhausted spoil rapidly * kind and extent of contamination of the fish flesh with bacteria * temperature * use of an antibiotic ice or dip evidences of spoilage: * brightness fades and dirty, yellow discoloration appears * slime on the fish increases * eyes gradually sink * gills: light pink to grayish yellow * softening of the flesh. * development of off-colors 10. Poultry * chief source of spoilage: bacteria * bacterial growth takes place on the surface and any cut surfaces and the decomposition products diffuse slowly into the meat * off-odor is noted when the bacterial count is at 2. 5 x 106 cfu/cm2 * Psuedomonas and Achromobacter * Micrococcus, Flavobacterium and Achromobacter * Surface of skin becomes slime, acid/sour odor 11. Milk Chief type of spoilage : * Souring or acid formation * Gas production * Proteolysis * Ropiness * Surface or throughout the milk.

Improve the World Essay Example for Free

Improve the World Essay We all want to make the world a better place, but few of us go beyond this abstract idea to planning for change. Like any goal, it takes thought and determination. You may wonder if you can change the world like the great leaders in history. Remember that these people started out with dreams, just like you, and worked through insecurities, fear and doubt. Although we do live in a world of reformations as economies develop, trade flourishes and as astounding technological advances are made but our world is still far from being perfect. No matter how many advances are made in technologies the world will still need some enhancements. Some recent researches have founded out that the more time rolls by the more this world is getting polluted. A social crisis of unprecedented proportions that the whole planet of ours faces today is environmental pollution. Technology gave man sufficient control over his surroundings; yet by our apparently increasing control over our environment, we have in fact erred and caused the loss of our control over our environment. Due to the global warming and greenhouse gases the world is day by day turning unsafe. We all are living in an insecure environment. Every year thousands of people are killed due to the wars and disputes. Developments in these aspects can improve the world and the lives of the people living in it. If we think of a way how to improve the world and make it a better place to live there can be thousands of things we can do as individuals. As we know that pollution is one of the reasons. We can think of a way to terminate it. Every year thousands of people especially children are influenced by the diseases spreaded in the dirty atmosphere. If we try to reuse, recycle and dispose litter around us the environment can become much cleaner. As far is the wars are concerned we ourselves are behind all the disarray. Following on the values of unity, faith and discipline the world can be a serene place to live in. The modern men can shed his prejudices and baseless notions and eschew war on the realization that all men are brothers. Unless human nature changes, unless there is a change of heart among the leaders of the world as well as the peoples, it is impossible to eliminate the factors that cause war. As far is the development of a man’s nature is concernced in order to make this world a peaceful place education plays an important role in the development of manhood. When literacy rate develops the world itself becomes a better place to live in. According to the Greek philosopher Heraclitus ‘’change is the essence of life. ’’ The world can be made more perfect if change occurs and this change will only occur if the people living in it stay determined and try to achieve their goals in making the mother Earth a better place to live in.

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - Confronting Repression, Achieving Progression :: Jane Eyre Essays

Jane Eyre: Confronting Repression, Achieving Progression Jane Eyre tells the story of a woman progressing on the path of acceptance. Throughout her journey, Jane encounters many obstacles to her intelligence. Male dominance proves to be the biggest obstruction at each stop of Jane's journey: Gateshead Hall, Lowood Institution, Thornfield Manor, Moor House, and Ferndean Manor. As she grows, though, Jane slowly learns how to understand and control repression. Jane's journey begins at Gateshead Hall. Mrs. Reed, Jane's aunt and guardian, serves as the biased arbitrator of the rivalries that constantly occur between Jane and John Reed. John emerges as the dominant male figure at Gateshead. He insists that Jane concede to him and serve him at all times, threatening her with mental and physical abuse. Mrs. Reed condones John's conduct and sees him as the victim. Jane's rebellion against Mrs. Reed represents a realization that she does not deserve the unjust treatment. Jane refuses to be treated as a subordinate and finally speaks out against her oppressors. Her reactions to Mrs. Reed's hate appear raw and uncensored, and foreshadow possible future responses to restraints. This rebellion also initiates the next phase of her journey. Lowood Institution represents the next step in Jane's progression. Her obstacle here appears in the form of Mr. Brocklehurst, the operator of the "respectable" institution. He made his first appearance at Gateshead Hall in order to examine Jane and verify her evil qualities (according to Mrs. Reed). At Lowood, Mr. Brocklehurst exemplifies the perfect hypocrite. He constantly preached for the denial of "luxury and indulgence" (p.95), though his values conflict with these ideas. His wife and daughters personify the meanings of luxury and indulgence in that "they were splendidly attired in velvet, silk, and furs" (p.97). He extends his hypocrisy in quoting bible passages to support his preachings, though these preachings and passages do not apply to his own life. He says, " I have a master to serve whose kingdom is not of this world: my mission is to mortify in these girls the lusts of the flesh, to teach them to clothe themselves with shamefacedness and sobriety, not with braided hair and costly apparel. . ." (p.96). Although she must learn to deal with Brocklehurst's complete dominance, Jane changes a lot during her years at Lowood, due mainly to the teachings of Helen Burns and Miss. Temple. Through their instruction, Jane learns how to control her anger over Mr.

W.B. Yeats Poetry Essay -- W.B. Yeats Poet Poem Essays

W.B. Yeats' Poetry Many literary critics have observed that over the course of W. B. Yeats’ poetic career, readers can perceive a distinct change in the style of his writing. Most notably, he appears to adopt a far more cynical tone in the poems he generated in the later half of his life than in his earlier pastoral works. This somewhat depressing trend is often attributed to the fact that he is simply becoming more conservative and pessimistic in his declining years, but in truth it represents a far more significant change in his life. Throughout Yeats’ career, the poet is constantly trying to determine exactly what inspires him; early on, in such poems as â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† and â€Å"The Wild Swans at Coole,† Yeats obviously looks towards nature to find his muse, thereby generating idyllic pastoral scenery that is reminiscent of the nature-based poetry of Wordsworth. However, his later works are darkened not by his own perspective, but by the fact that h e is no longer certain that nature is truly the fountain that he taps for inspiration. A number of his later poems, such as â€Å"Leda and the Swan† and â€Å"The Circus Animals’ Desertion,† employ symbolism and metaphor in order to reflect the author’s battle to find his true source. Yeats spends his career dealing with this conflict, and he eventually concludes that while nature itself may have been the source of the general ideas for many of his poems, the works themselves came to life only after he reached into the depths of his heart and sought the fuel of pure human emotions and experiences. Ultimately, he discovers that the only true inspiration comes from the trivial and mundane influences found in everyday life; the purest poetic inspiration is humanity itself. .. ...ho came before him. To accomplish this, he had to determine where to find inspiration beyond, and thereby stronger than, nature. He ultimately realizes that he was looking at this inspiration the entire time without actually seeing it. It does indeed lie â€Å"in the deep heart’s core,† where he finally discovers â€Å"the foul rag-and-bone shop of the heart.† Primary Sources M.H. Abrams et al, eds. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 7th ed. NY: Norton, 2000. Pgs. 2092-2120. Secondary Sources Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. â€Å"Principles of the Mind†: Continuity in Yeats’s Poetry. MLN, Vol. 83, No. 6, Comparative Literature. (Dec., 1968). David Ward. Yeats’s Conflicts With His Audience, 1897-1917. ELH, Vol. 49, No. 1. (Spring, 1982). Virginia Pruitt. Return from Byzantium: W.B. Yeats and â€Å"The Tower.† ELH, Vol. 47, No. 1. (Spring, 1980).

New Yorker

Response distill Leper's: â€Å"The Prism† Mr.. The violation of one's privacy and different events that have aroused within history that regurgitate a violation of privacy is the theme surrounding this article. In addition to this the article Is centered around the Idea that as Individuals are defending their privacy more and more methods are being developed to try and invade that privacy, especially more so in this modern day and age because technologies are being developed that were unprecedented hundreds of years ago.Another theme expressed in the article is the idea that American culture today can e viewed as a paradox because many individuals love being seen and hidden at the same time, that the only thing that Is loved more than privacy Is publicity. Lastly, two big events that occurred and are currently occurring that reiterate a violation of privacy are the incidents with Giuseppe Amazing, an Italian exile in London in 1844, who had his mall read by the British govern ment without his consent and the N. S. A. Collecting data online for years by tapping directly into the central servers of nine leading U.S. Internet companies. Personally. I believe this article Is quite Interesting and entertaining and Is tryingly supported with reliable sources and anecdotes. The author uses a certain literary prose and Biblical references in an attempt to capture the audience; and the author also structures the article In an effective way. For example, the article began with an anecdote about something not very well-known but then connects it with the N. S. A. And the current Obama Administration in order to improve our understanding of the event. This article relates to U.S. History because It Incorporates the Obama Administration as previously mentioned and at the same time it refers to earlier American history. For example the article speaks of Almagest v. United States in 1928 In which the court considered the constitutionality of wiretapping. Eventually Alm agest was convicted but after serving three years' hard labor was pardoned by Franklin Roosevelt in 1935. Clearly, this article has different aspects of the long history of the united States which Is one of the reasons It is such an Interesting. Capturing article.Response to Jane Meyers: â€Å"A Word from Our Sponsor† A documentary filmmaker, Alex Gibing, created a film called â€Å"Park Avenue: Money, Power, and the American Dream† which was centered on the growing economic inequality in America. Gibing uses the contrasting ways of the individuals living in the most expensive apartment buildings in Manhattan on 740 Park Avenue and those of the underprivileged people living In the Bronx as a case study. However by doing this Gibing puts David Koch, a billionaire industrialist who resides in 740 Park Avenue, under heavy scrutiny.This caused problems because the film was set to air on public broadcasting entitles such as PBS, WENT, HIGH, and TIPS and Koch was a donor to all these companies and he was also a trustee of both WENT and HIGH. Many of the head executives of each of the companies were not sure if they should to the many problems that came about Koch decided to resign from WENT on May 16 as he felt he was not supported as well as he should have been by the media organization he gave so much to.I believe this article is interesting and is applicable to young students all the way up to adults because it provides an insight into not only the growing economic inequality within American society but also the way in which the possession of money translates to power. The author does a good Job of presenting the information in the article because she gives different accounts to add more detail into the theme of the article which surrounded David Koch. The article relates to U. S. Story in different ways; one of them being that the growing economic disparity in America is highlighted. In addition the article states that the Koch's were funding much of the opposition to President Barack Obama by organizing a compilation of advocacy groups. Also, it talks about how federal funding for public broadcasting has been dwindling and the government's contribution only makes up a small percent of public broadcasting funds. As one can see this article deals with many current problems within the U. S. Which heavily center on money and its possession. Response to Jill Leper's: â€Å"The Force† The article is centered around the topic of the amount of money the United States spends on military defense and whether it is necessary or not. Another essential aspect surrounding the article is the fact that individuals at the head of Congress that control military actions should not be in such positions of power because of the fact that many of them have never experienced active duty in the military and thus o not understand the troubles one faces during war.Also the article speaks of how the ideals of the United States military seem to be changing with the progression of time. Currently it seems that many Americans view the strength of the nation as stemming from the strength of the military; and that many individuals in Congress believe in the destiny that the United States needs to rule the world. Ultimately the idea that the United States' military force requires some sort of limitations and perhaps needs to revert back to its original ideas of not having a standing army is the entrant themes surrounding the article.I believe this article is captivating because it presents information that truly affects the lives of us as Americans every day. The author does a fairly good Job of organizing the article in such a way that captures the reader because she shows the changing entity of the U. S. Military from early in American history to the present day as we wage in the Afghanistan War. The author supports her assertion of the changing American military by using different first-hand accounts from anti-war veterans and former President Eisenhower. Clearly the article relates to U. S. Story as the article is predominantly centered on the U. S. Military and the amount of revenue and problems that have been faced by the military. Ultimately, I found it quite interesting that the author mentioned that many Congressional hearings have poor attendance because many individuals that are a part of Congress do not find every hearing important. This came as a shock to me because I was under the assumption that regardless of the hearing there no doubt had to be a great number of people attending because they all in one way or another impact the status of the intrigued.Response to Keeled Saneness: â€Å"Paint Bombs† This article is focused around the idea of anarchism and about a particular individual, David Grabber, who supports it. He was a part of the Occupy Movement that occurred on Wall Street and many individuals were struggling against the local government and police because they did not believe in the idea of a single governing body ceasing the majority of the power. Grabber states that if a new society were to be created that people would have the ability to have a wider range of options.A big topic of discussion surrounding this article was the idea that as the government egging to expand it is even more necessary to try and shrink it. At the same time the article explains that as the state/government grows it may be easier to imagine that one could live without the support of the government since the amount of direct help one would receive would dwindle. In addition the article speaks of how Anarchism may be on the rise in today's modern world because of the fall of so many institutionalized governments, which is an interesting point.I believe this article is interesting especially because I was never really exposed to the ideas or history of Anarchism. I believe the author did a good Job of presenting the information and making his/her point felt to the audience. For example, the author focuses in on one particular individual whom practices Anarchism and gives accounts of his life while at the same time giving accounts of other individuals that support his ideas. This relates to U. S. Story in different ways such as when the author mentions that Anarchism has been on the rise in America because of the fall of the Soviet Union. In addition the author also mentions that current President Obama had to present his health-care reforms as an opportunity to reduce federal gadget; which has not worked out as planned. Also Grabber credits the Occupy Movement with preventing Mitt Rooney from becoming President; and perhaps if Rooney would have been elected President America may be a different place as we speak.Response to Jill Leper's: â€Å"The Commandments† This article focuses on the American Constitution and the way in which it is open for a great deal of interpretation by Americans; and the fact that different people vary quite a lot on the wa y in which they decide to interpret the laws that lie within the Constitution. Perhaps one of the reasons that the Constitution is up for such a retreat deal of interpretation stems from the fact that it has its many faults as Benjamin Franklin pointed out when the Constitution was being originally drafted.In addition, the article focuses around the fact that very few Americans have actually took the time to read the whole Constitution and this proves to be a downfall. If we, as Americans, were familiar with what the Constitution outlined then we would be more apt to demand that our representatives in government abide by it. Also the article mentions that Originations argue that originals is the only legitimate way of Constitutional interpretation. In this manner elected representatives pass laws and the courts protect the will of the people by making sure those laws abide by the Constitution as originally drafted.Ultimately the Constitution may not be perfect but nonetheless it is every Americans' rule of law. I believe this article is interesting and informational, however the author could have done a better Job of presenting the information in a way that captured the supporting evidence for the claims she made such as when she said few Americans have read the Constitution and she goes on and gives the statistic that 72 percent of bout a thousand people questioned had never read all forty-four hundred words of the Constitution.Clearly the article is centered on the forefront of American history and how throughout time many Americans have failed to cherish and appreciate their own Constitution as they have not taken the time to truly understand it. Ultimately, this article focused on the way in which America has evolved and progressed throughout time due to the structural foundation laid by the Constitution and to some America's progression is not as ideal as could be but nonetheless something that has to be accepted by Americans. Response to Seymour M.Herb's : â€Å"Last Stand† This article focuses on the Bush Administration and the way in which it went about handling the predicament in Iran as they began to enrich Uranium which can ultimately lead to the development of nuclear bombs. The Bush Administration attempted to make peace talks with Iran assuming that they halted their enrichment activity because they feared that Iran would accumulate nuclear powers and use it to cause devastating effects onto the U. S. Military. The Bush Administration was contemplating whether to engage on an attack onto Iran so that they would not attack the U.S. Forever it was predicted that the war would spread even more as a result. Another topic discussed in the article is the fear of angering Iran which perhaps could lead to them cutting off the oil supply to the United States. In addition the article speaks of how the state of Israel was in great fear because of rumors that Iran had nuclear bombs at their disposal and so Israel seeded out to th e United States for assistance and protection. However the situation was difficult as a failed attack on Iran by the United States would lead to a multitude of problems.I believe this article is intriguing because of the fact that it is centered on such a regale topic that could potentially cause grave danger to the whole world; and for that reason alone it captured me from the outset. The author does a good Job of structuring the article by giving the details and ideas surrounding the Bush Administration and then at the same time giving the different opinions of high- ranking military officials and intelligence officers that was closely tied to the manner.In addition I liked how the author incorporated the state of Israel and where it stood in regard to Iran as a neighboring country. This relates to U. S. History because the policies of a former U. S. President are mentioned and the way in which those policies affected the country is discussed. A large scope was put on the United S tates' foreign policy of diplomatic relations. Response to George Packer's: â€Å"The Choice† This article focuses on the Presidential candidates of the 2008 Presidential Election; which were Hilary Clinton and Barack Obama.This article analyzes the different ideas and goals each candidate held such as the fact that Clinton took on more of an executive role whereas Obama took on more of a visionary role in which he believes that Americans can restore their faith in government. The personal autobiography it is revealed that he struggled with finding his own identity but that he solved them and as a result is comfortable with himself and the complexities of the world.However in Silicon's autobiography it was seen that she always seemed to have something to hide as if she does not trust anyone to understand her personal struggles. At the same time there were many people who supported Clinton because they believed she was more committed to using power for social change and she wi ll march ahead and let those who want to follow her follow her. Obama was supported y many as well as he looked to implement his vision of change with every American following him to achieve change.Ultimately there are those who say that in order to have won the Presidency Clinton would have had to change her own tactics and engage in more off leader position. I believe this article is interesting to say the least because it gave me a clear insight into how the Presidential campaign for the 2008 Election was structured and how it swayed the opinions of Americans. I am not very well-versed politically; however after reading this article I became more aware of the political make-up of American politics.In addition I believe the author did a decent Job of keeping the reader engaged because he did not solely focus on one Presidential candidate for a long period of time, but rather gave details about both candidates at the same time in order to more effectively show their differences. Th is strongly relates to U. S. History because it shows how American politics work and the way in which politicians try to gain votes and supporters. Also we are introduced to the reasons behind why the 2008 Presidential Election ended the way it did; and perhaps if it would have ended tit Hilary Clinton as U.S. President we could be living in a different America. However that what if question can never really be answered and the election of Obama as President adds on to the long legacy of American history. Response to Seymour M. Herb's: â€Å"Torture at ABA Grail† This article explores the torture that Iraqi prisoners faced at the hands of American soldiers in ABA Grabs. Major General Antonio M. Taught reported the devastating wrongdoings of American soldiers on Iraqi prisoners and there was compelling evidence such as graphic photographic images.Images show that Iraqi inmates had to endure humiliating poses and engage in humiliating acts such as men being naked in front of ot her men; which are especially looked down upon in Islamic law. These abuses became public because specialist Joseph M. Dairy was outraged and demanded that the soldiers that engaged in such cruel acts should have been punished accordingly. In addition the soldiers that did treat the inmates cruelly stated in their defense that they were given orders by the military intelligence to treat them in that manner so that they could get information out of them.Regardless this situation examined in the article has caused enormous consequences for the imprisoned Iraqis and for the perception of the United States and its Army. I believe this article is perhaps one of the most interesting and mind-boggling articles I have ever read. I would have never believed that American soldiers would engage in such acts of violence and cruelty against a group of people that were basically innocent.I was disappointed in a sense to know that I am an American and feel we Americans should protect the underpriv ileged and not euthanize them and make their situation worse than what it is. But I believe the author did a good Job of presenting the information by giving accounts from different officials that were closely tied to the situation. I appreciate the detail the author gave when describing what the soldiers were doing to the Iraqi prisoners because it allows the reader to get a better understanding of what exactly they had to experience.This article is related to U. S. History because it speaks of how American soldiers treated a certain group of people and the way in which it left a negative image onto America and its history. Response to Jill Leper's: â€Å"Benched† This article is centered on the Supreme Court and its process of Judicial review. Also mentioned in the article is the idea that what the people think about the Judicial review stems from what they think of how the Supreme Court is composed. For example, if the Court is liberal-based then it follows that liberals s ee the Judicial review as good.If the Court is conservative-based then conservatives will thus see the Judicial review as a positive thing. In addition, the idea that Judicial review is part of a larger struggle for the Judicial branch to be free from the constraint of the other trotter branches of government and be free from commercial interests (money) was expressed. For example many state Judges, 90 percent of them, run for office and as a result spending on Judicial campaigns has greatly increased with the progression of time.Also the article mentions that many problems arise within a democracy when the citizens of that democracy believe that the laws that make up the framework of their country are being bought and sold; as is the problem at times within the United States. Ultimately that is one of the big problems being faced by the Supreme Court, he idea of money taking over the constitutional framework. I believe this article was very informative and beneficial to read becaus e it gave me more knowledge about something I did not know very much about.I found it interesting to find out that some founding fathers of the United States viewed the judicial branch as a weak almost unimportant branch of government. For example in the article there is a quote from Alexander Hamilton in which he says, â€Å"The Judiciary is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of powers†¦ Of the three powers the Judiciary is next to nothing. The author did a good Job of connecting older ideologies of American history with newer evolving concepts surrounding American history and more specifically the Supreme Court and Judicial branch.This clearly relates to American history because the article is centered on the Supreme Court and its composition and its relation to Judicial review; and whether that Judicial review is deemed acceptable by the citizens or not. Response to Steve Coal's: â€Å"Remote Control† One of the topics discussed in this article is the fact that former President Eisenhower agreed with the idea of executing or overthrowing undesirable foreign traders because as he saw it political assassinations were a good alternative to military action.However it seemed as if Eisenhower method of executing political assassinations were not seen as effective as time went on so the presidents that followed put bans on political assassinations. The tide turned after September 1 1, 2001 when the Pentagon was bombed and President George W. Bush agreed to kill and currently the Obama Administration still utilizes it against suspected foreign threats. However the use of drones may in fact be leading to more problems than lotions because political relations between the United States and Pakistan, which has a growing nuclear arsenal, have collapsed because of the use of drones.Ultimately the question that has yet to be answered is, â€Å"Does America truly understand the repercussions of using drones to attack foreign nations? † I thought this article was quite interesting because it opened my eye to a situation I was not very well aware of. I never knew that the Obama Administration used drones on foreign threats and even more so I was not aware that President Eisenhower agreed with the idea of political assassinations. The author did a good bob of organizing the information into a condensed paper while at the same time still conveying his message to the reader.I found it interesting how the author linked the Obama Administration using drones to former President Eisenhower policy of political assassinations; the idea that the reason the Obama Administration decided to use drones came from the ideals of Eisenhower. This clearly relates to U. S. History as the article analyzed the ideas of a former U. S. President and the ideas of a current U. S. President; and the way in which those ideas have affected the United States' foreign relations today.

Moral Values and Social Boundaries Essay

Thesis statement: Certain limits should be applied to the constitutional right of ‘Freedom of speech’ as it encourages ethnic speech (ethnically and racially discriminating talk) A restriction on free speech is very essential on college campuses. Political correctness is found to be a mere attempt to be sure that everybody on campus feels welcome and is able to learn as per. Certain limits should be applied to the constitutional right of ‘Freedom of speech’ as it encourages ethnic speech (ethnically and racially discriminating talk) in educational institutions. Racially offensive speech in US institutions has led to several problems. Ethnic speech is widely evident in educational institutions. Racial jokes and ethnic speech are also prevalent in work places. Ethnic speech creates inferiority complex in lower classes. It is also against the policies of affirmative action (Arthur, 2004). The reason for the unacceptability of racially offensive talk is that the intentions behind them are always bad. They do exploit racial stereotypes and the talk often becomes offensive. Limits on freedom of speech are justified as there is a big relation between freedom of speech and racial speech. Look more:  ethnic group examples essay It is high time that we eliminate racially offensive talk from our society. For that the most important step is a restriction on the freedom of speech. The absence of limit on freedom of speech encourages racially offensive talk in college campuses in US (Arthur, 2004). Racially offensive humor is increasingly unacceptable and is based on the concept that certain ethnic groups are superior to others. Ethnically superior groups are of the belied that they do have very right to make fun at other inferior groups. The powerful faction has always assumed that they are superior to others in its race and culture. These ethnic groups will try to put down other inferior groups in order to strengthen their own group (Arthur, 2004). The superior group will thus feel no guilt in hurting the feelings of the inferior group. Ethnic and racial speech is generated out of this superior feeling and undermines the unity and cooperation prevailing in the society (Arthur, 2004). Had there been a limit on the freedom of speech, these kinds of racially offensive speech would have disappeared from the educational institutions in US. Even though freedom of speech is quite important as far as American society, a restriction on it is the real need of the hour. Uncontrolled speech may result in further segregation and racial classification. Offensive speech, of any form, should be discouraged so that it would not further create problems in the already segregated society. The panacea for all this is nothing but a limit on the freedom of speech (Arthur, 2004). Ethnic jokes are much prevalent in college campuses. Ethnic jokes exploit racial stereotypes. They are often racist and frequently offensive (Davies, 1982). Ethnic jokes are very popular and prevail in almost all societies. They do also play a great role in arising ethnic differences, exploitation and segregation. Ethnic jokes are targeted towards typical ethnic groups, possessing typical characteristics (Hughes, 1966). The usage of these kinds of jokes upgrades or degrades the value of a group in general and ignores the importance and uniqueness of the individual (Lorenz, 1963). Ethnic humor hurts the feelings of people as it leads to various segregations and discriminations (Davies, 1982). Racially offensive humor is increasingly unacceptable and is based on the concept that certain ethnic groups are superior to others. Ethnically superior groups are of the belied that they do have very right to make fun at other inferior groups (Dance, 1977). Ethnic humor is a powerful, destructive and senseless practice that is followed by one generation and transferred to the next generation. The powerful faction has always assumed that they are superior to others in its race and culture. These ethnic groups will try to put down other inferior groups in order to strengthen their own group (Davies, 1982). The superior group will thus feel no guilt in hurting the feelings of the inferior group. Ethnic humor is generated out of this superior feeling and undermines the unity and cooperation prevailing in the society. There are various biological and socio-cultural distinctions which people consider as a base to make ethnic jokes. They sometimes consider color of the skin (lightness or darkness) or other differentiating markers as base for making humor. They do consider various other ethnic differences and cultural variations (Hughes, 1966). No ethnic group has the right to make ethnic jokes against ant other ethnic group. Ethnic humor is always humiliating and insulting. It would only result in further segregation and racial classification. Ethnic groups, of any form, should be discouraged so that it would not further create problems in the already segregated society. Freedom of Speech is the boosting factor of ethnic speech in educational institutions. Institutional racism (systemic racism or structural racism) also prevail in our society. The white institutions are found to be reluctant to serve people of color (non-white minority). Institutions are historically set up to serve only white communities. These institutions function on the basis of race. They operate on the policy of segregation. Institutional racism is the concept that one race is superior to other. Organizations and institutions (both government and private) do racial discrimination, marginalizing the inferior faction. Even though the institutions exclusively for inferior race were technically illegal in America till 1863, our areas still have such institutions. These institutions offer their service only for superior faction and ill-treat students belonging to our community. Institutional racism is followed in all organizations, public bodies, educational institutions (universities) and corporations. Institutional racism influences almost all policies, processes and policies (in both governmental and public institutions). Institutions were historically set up to serve only white communities. These institutions function on the basis of race. They operate on the policy of segregation. Institutional racism is the concept that one race is superior to other. Organizations and institutions (both government and private) do racial discrimination, marginalizing the inferior faction. Institutions exclusively for inferior race were technically illegal in America till 1863. These institutions offer their service only for superior faction and ill-treat people of color. Legislations against racism have made institutional racism disappear to a good extent in United States. Ethnic speech in educational institutions is one of the worst sides of institutional racism. Freedom of speech is encouraging racial talk and ethnic humor. It is high time that we put a restriction on freedom of speech so that at least educational institutions are free from segregation. Colleges and universities have a moral obligation to ensure a peaceful, respectful learning environment for all students. It is therefore necessary to come down hard on speech code offenders. All employees and students should be able to enjoy and work in an educational environment free from discrimination and harassment. Harassment of any person or group of persons on the basis of race, color, nationality, origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or veteran’s status is a form of discrimination that must be prohibited in all educational institutions. Employees, students, student organizations, or person privileged to work or study in the university community who violates this policy must be subject to disciplinary action. This will finally eliminate racial speech and discrimination from educational institutions. Harassment codes do not violate students’ First Amendment rights. A restriction on free speech is very essential on college campuses. Political correctness is found to be a mere attempt to be sure that everybody on campus feels welcome and is able to learn. References John Arthur, Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy, Prentice Hall, 2004. â€Å"A Question of Fairness† Ladies Home Jorunal, March 1996, p 17-20. Lubman, Sarah â€Å"Campus Admissions† Wall Street Journal, May 16, p81. Dance, Darryl. â€Å"Wit and Humor in the Slave Narratives. † Journal of Afro-American Issues. Spring, 1977: 125-134. Davies, C. â€Å"Ethnic Jokes, Moral Values and Social Boundaries. † British Journal of Sociology 33 (1982): 383-403. Hughes, Langston, ed. The Book of Negro Humor. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1966. Lincoln, Kenneth. Ind’in Humor. New York: Oxford, 1993. Lorenz, Konrad. On Aggression. Trans. Marjorie Kerr Willison. New York: Harcourt, 1963. Lowe, John. â€Å"Theories of Ethnic Humor: How to Enter, Laughing. † American Quarterly 38 (1986): 439-460. Rich, Frank. The New York Times 13 March 1994: IV, 17.

A Game of Polo with a Headless Goat

A Game of Polo with a Headless Goat Background This extract comes from a book which was written as a spin-off from Emma Levine’s television series about strange and unusual sports. It is a travelogue (a book which describes travel in a foreign country) in which she describes these sports, the people involved and her experiences of filming them. In doing so, she gives an insight not just into the sports themselves, but into the lives and culture of the people who take part in (and watch) them. Understanding the text Emma Levine’s purpose in writing her book was to describe and inform. She obviously has to engage and hold the reader’s interest. As you study this text, you need to think about how she does this. On the surface the passage seems a straightforward description and narrative of the race, but it isn’t. First of all, there is not just one race happening, but three: ? The donkey race ? The spectators’ race ? The writer’s race to get the best pictures Emma – a jornalist – wanting to capture the epic moment of the race Yaqoob – a unskilled driver (danger) – he love the risk that donkey race give him Iqbal – partner/ helper – was send to find our who was the winner of this race Plot During a seven-year journey around India spent immersing herself in the cricket subculture, author Emma Levine heard about the wonderful game of buzkashi, a kind of anarchic rugby on horseback where teams of men wrestle and race to grab a headless goat and propel it towards goal. This sparked a desire to explore Asia's unique traditional sports. A Game of Polo with a Headless Goat is Emma Levine's absorbing account of her epic adventure, which took her from camel wrestling in Turkey through bull racing in India to traditional gymnastics in Iran, performed to poetry and the beat of a drum. Sometimes she travelled so far off the beaten track that her journeys sometimes took days and she discovered places where western women are such a rare sight that she was mobbed ( ) by onlookers. And everywhere she went she met people who act as the guardians of their ancient sports, protecting the traditions that have evolved over generations. While they recount the folklore that surrounds their local pastimes, Emma Levine examines the status of indigenous sports in a world dominated by satellite TV, the web and the likes of Manchester United. Are they sports of the past or sports of the future? Illustrated with stunning photography, A Game of Polo with a Headless Goat evocatively portrays sporting ways of life rarely seen in the western world in such a way as to reveal what it is about sport that makes it so universally inspiring. What can I say about language? Most newspaper reports of sports races are serious in tone, and try to give the facts of the race and what it was like. Emma Levine’s purpose is much more complicated. In this passage there is a real mixture of the comic and the serious, with a lot of information given as well. You need to consider each part of it carefully. The passage can be defined as a series of linked paragraphs, describing events in a sequence of time and concluding with the end of the race and the writer’s overview of what happened. The internal structure is much more complex than this simple outline suggests Pharagraph by pharagreph Paragraph 1-3 / Build up Paragraph 1 – Optimism, author promotes her own, Yaqoob and Iqbal’s excitement. ‘We’ll open the car boot †¦ we’ll join the cars. ’  ? Brief description of what will happen and Levine’s expectations. Builds immediate excitement and enthusiasm for race and the reader’s expectation of instant action. Works effectively with Paragraph 2 – Contrast in tone between â€Å"The two lads†¦suddenly fired up with enthusiasm† in which Levine narrates the creation of new enthusiasm within locals (her guides) to reflect on the reader and the rest of the paragraph Use of â€Å"eternity† – hyperbole to exaggerate impatience and derived emotions such as boredom â€Å"the only action was †¦ gazed around at us. † Hopeless tone, at the point of giving up, is a let down to the reader The contrast emphasises the climax in paragraph 7 Paragraph 3 – Alternatively, Levine builds hope and optimism in paragraph three, â€Å"coming, coming† the locals replied Line 12: â€Å"I was beginning to lose faith†¦ lads remained confident† holds elements of first hand pessimism/ loss in faith and witnessed optimism in the form of reassurance. The effect creates suspense further building the impact of the Climax. Paragraph 4 & 5 / Climactic Beginning Paragraph 4 – Climax appears as an explosion of activity Choice of diction  Ã¢â‚¬Å"revved† prominent v sound creates imagery and the impression of speed. Develops the moment of frisson  () Change in tone from  narrative to informative and factual, now not narrating their journey but provoking the reader’s interest. â€Å"The Kibla donkey is said to reach speeds of up to 40kph† â€Å"Although not cruelly† at the end of paragraph four seems out of place, this is where Levine reveals that she is conscious of her effect on travelers and corrects the imagery she has introduced. She protects the culture and the tradition in order to promote () the sport and the traditions. Paragraph 5 –  Change in punctuation to speed up the pace of Levine’s writing, overall generating excitement. She begins to use lists and triads (â€Å"horns tooting, bells ringing, and the special rattles used just for this purpose†) and again incorporates an informative tone in order to introduce different aspects of culture. Long, disjointed sentences imitate the excitement, pace and disorder of the event: â€Å"men standing on top of their cars and vans† Paragraph 6 / Levine Enters Race Use of analogies like â€Å"Formula One† (fast-paced, seemingly chaotic), â€Å"City center rush hour† relates to reader and creates understanding of speed and â€Å"anarchic† disorder. Paragraph 7 Illustrates danger in order to provoke different kind of excitement,   â€Å"Survival of the fittest†Ã‚  ? Creates a life and death situation, introduces the  animal, hunt theme. Choice of diction creates a sense of importance, desperation and danger. e. g. â€Å"Depended† creates a sense of necessity Animal theme:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"sharp flicks† â€Å"quick reflexes† â€Å"nerves of steel† all phrases associate with an animal during a chase or a hunt. All instinctive. â€Å"Horn† could be interpreted as a pun – car horn or animal horn/ impression of danger, competition, tension even battle â€Å"Yaqoob loved it. Tone is enthusiastic, describing the fun, excitement. Link to ending. â€Å"Growing more colourful† Euphemistic impression of tension Paragraph 8 / End of Race Levine describes scenery() to reflect the atmosphere. â€Å"Road straightened and leveled† Tone is calmer, pace has been slowed, longer sentences, wider distr ibution of punctuation. Effective ending â€Å"The race was over. † Mixture of long sentences with short blunt ending implies immediate end of race and excitement. Paragraph 9 / Another Beginning â€Å"I assumed the winner was the one who completed the race but it was not seen that way by everyone. Emphasis on alien culture and traditions, so exotic that even common reasoning differs. â€Å"Voices were raised, fists were out and tempers rising† Levine reuses lists and triads to speed up the pace, rebuild the excitement lost at the end of the race. Ending Irony, incorporated humour to reflect on the reality of the danger. Links back to â€Å"Yaqoob loved it. † Where the tone was still expressing shared enjoyment and fun, new realization and understanding is born to recreate an adapted impression of the entire extract

Androgynous Man

The Androgynous Man At a point in Noel Perrin’s life, he suddenly became conflicted over his masculinity. It was such a breakthrough, that he had to analyze the whole situation. Although it took some years to finally grasp the concept of it, Perrin is now comfortable and understands the logic behind the typical gender roles; not from research and other people’s work, but from his own experience and his own ideas. At an age where you would generally start to develop from a boy to a man, age sixteen, Noel Perrin found himself on a three-day trip from New York to Steamboat Springs, Colorado to become an assistant horse wrangler.On this trip with him, Perrin brought Gone with the Wind and a handful of magazines that obtained some interesting articles. In a short period of time, Perrin was out of reading material so he then went back and read all the boring articles and all the quizzes that you would find in a magazine at the time. One of the quizzes that really caught Perri n’s eye was â€Å"How Masculine/ Feminine Are You? † The quiz consisted of inkblots that had four options as choices and you would answer the option that you thought the inkblot most resembled.When Perrin finished this quiz and then found out his results, he was astonished by the conclusion. On a scale from one to ten of masculinity, Perrin was an abysmal 1. 2. Perrin was so confounded over the results that he then went back and analyzed every option. From this, he came up with two basic patterns that he found in the inkblot choices. Perrin claims that males would relate to the inkblots as man-made objects while, females would relate to the inkblots as natural objects.He then went on to conclude that the test itself was using limited criteria and that masculinity/femininity is more complicated than this test states. Perrin believes that there are a large percent of males and females who are androgynous or have both gender qualities. Furthermore, Perrin then proceeds to classify the different gender types; specifically for the male. Perrin strongly insists that there are men who are the â€Å"he-man† or the one hundred percent man. These men are attracted to physical power and dominance.Also, these â€Å"he-men† are so unselfconsciously at ease that other men try to imitate them. The reasoning for the imitation is that generally men think that they have to be the one hundred percent male. These imitators fail to come to the realization that just like women; men also come in a wide variety of types. Perrin then goes on to say that these imitators spend their whole life trying to play that role that they’re scared to believe in a weakness in them. Admittedly, Perrin strongly believes that androgynous people are growing by the numbers.He makes a connection with the women’s movement for the breakthrough of androgynes, but Perrin also believes that one mistake women have done is that they think that all men should be androgy nous; this would lead to a very â€Å"dull† world Perrin states. Perrin subsequently proceeds to give us his ideal or definition of the androgynous man. He uses his own situations such as feeding his kids, how he knows nothing about cars, buying a book called Home Repairs Any Woman Can Do and how some emotional scenes from movies get him all choked up.Overall, the definition of the androgynous man is having traits of the opposite sex in a casual way. After examining Perrin’s article, The Androgynous Man, I find myself mostly agreeing with his definition of the androgynous man and how their numbers are growing. I tend to agree with most of his ideas except for the fact of how he claims it’s so wrong to be an imitator. When I read about Perrin's version of the â€Å"he-man’ or the â€Å"one-hundred percent male†, I automatically thought of James Bond. I think the term now would a â€Å"man’s-man†.What’s not manlier than ordering a dry martini, driving a sports car, being a monogamist, or probably the manliest thing of them all, having a gun? What male doesn’t want to have at least one of those things? So when Perrin states that:Partly they’re [imitators] just envious of the he-man’s unconscious ease. Mostly they’re terrified of finding that there may be something wrong with them deep down, some weakness at the heart. To avoid discovering that, they spend their lives acting out the role that the he-man naturally lives. Sad. (Perrin, Page 247-248) I completely disagree with hat. Perrin makes it sound like it’s such a burden to be envious or jealous of those manly qualities. I think it’s human nature to do that and there is nothing wrong with acting out that way. No man is going to say â€Å"I want to be that guy†, instead they’re saying â€Å"I want to be LIKE that guy†, combining the qualities you have already with the ones that you don’t have. I believe if you’re not constantly searching to be better in life or have better qualities, whether they’re manlier or not, what’s the point of existing in life? It’s human nature to try to be better in one way or another.For example, if there’s an update for your iphone, are you not going to take it? No, because that update is going to make it better. Same rules apply to human life. Another issue I have with another one of Perrin’s opinions is he also believes that â€Å"†¦they [imitators] aren’t as free as us androgynes† (Perrin, Page 247). Perrin doesn’t really back up his opinion here, as he also states that his â€Å"Answer is mere speculation, but not casual† (Perrin, Page 247). Well, if you can’t back this up, don’t state it. I’m not going to sit here and tell you that Ford is better than Chevrolet and when you ask, why?I’m not going to answer, â€Å"Just because it is†. No one would respect or acknowledge my opinion then and I believe the same applies to this matter. When Perrin can come up with proven facts to back up this statement, I will act accordingly. In conclusion, Perrin was right about many things such as the androgynous men and women growing by the numbers and how it’s more accepted now a days. Overall, I think it’s the â€Å"one-hundred percent man† or the â€Å"one-hundred percent woman† that need to stay alive to add balance to the gender roles so that we don’t lose sight of our roots.Responsibility I think as students, at this time in our lives, we can all agree that at least over the past five years or so, one word that keeps being brought up is responsibility. This word has been drilled into our heads since around the age of 16. When you wanted a job, were you responsible enough? When you wanted your driver’s license, were you responsible enough? When you wanted to go out and par ty, were you responsible enough? I strongly believe that the more we get older, the more responsibility we take on. Responsibility is a form of trust and accountability.We all reached a point in our life where we all had to start taking accountability for our own actions. Depending on what the action was, we were either corrected or not. This would be implemented mostly by our parents. For me at least, the form of correction would be punishment. If I went out at night and came home past curfew I would get grounded. So next time if I’m not home on time and know I will be late, I call ahead to confirm it with my parents so I’ll get a lesser form of punishment or best case scenario, no punishment at all. This would be an example of responsibility.Today, I have countless acts of responsibility. I pay my own car payment and my own car insurance. I also pay for my cell phone bill. Also, the most important responsibility to me is taking care of my own two dogs, Duke and Lola. I think the more we get older the more responsibility we take on and handle. It’s part of growing up. You can’t ignore it. You have to embrace it. If not, you’ll see how hard life can truly be. Works Cited: Perrin, Noel. â€Å"The Androgynous Man. † 40 Model Essays: A Portable Anthology. Ed. Jane E. Aaron. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005. 246-49. Print.

In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essays

In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essays In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essay In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essay Safety: In this experiment it is important to consider the safety aspects when carrying out this practical task; I will make sure of the following things before starting the experiment: * The circuit has been connected correctly according to the circuit diagram (Previous page) * Make sure that the connected leads are all working in order and are not tangled * Check that the motor is working correctly * The Power supply is working, and the voltage is not exceeding the limit * Check the circuit before starting and be standing during the experiment * A Mat should be placed on the floor as weights will land on to the ground Keeping the same Changing Current Length of string /Height Temperature Voltage Motor Weight Variables: Theory: Efficiency is often expressed as a percentage. What efficiency shows us is the power wasted in the experiment, not all the power is used efficiently as it is wasted when the power is being transferred. The power source is transferred usefully in the external load, while wasted power is used heating the power supply and surroundings. No motor can work perfectly, due to friction and other small factors. In other words, some energy is always lost and you never get out the energy you put in, this is what is being tested in this experiment therefore we hope to see if the energy is transferred well or not. the equation for efficiency is known as: Efficiency = useful energy (power) output/ total energy (power) input x 100 The main factor that stops efficiency from reaching a maximum is friction as it can not be eliminated it therefore brings the total efficiency down. Resistance can play a big factor in affecting the experiment the more resistance in the circuit the less efficiency. The resistance will slow down the motor. The higher the temperature the more resistance that will be produced as the temperature increase the electrons will vibrate more causing more friction in the motor and making it less efficient. The resistance will stop the current flowing as well and could lead into anomalous results. In this experiment I will be using the following to calculate the efficiency of the motor: WH/ IVT This will show the efficiency of a motor and will allow me present my results using the equation. The equation basically shows work done (WH) and the power input (IVT). Prediction: In this experiment as we increase the weight the motor will have to do more work it will then also take longer for the weights to be lifted, and as it does more work its efficiency will increase as the current and voltage will remain the same. So if you double the weight, the work will double and so should the efficiency because the motor becomes more efficient as it does more work for the power being supplied. If the length of the string is longer the results will be more accurate as it will take longer for the weights to be lifted to the top of the work top. Therefore if the length was increased the results could be more accurate and it would make the overall work of the motor increase. If the voltage was changed with the weights the efficiency would remain the same as the work would be done easier if there was more overall power input. Therefore if the voltage was doubled and the weight was the doubled the efficiency would remain constant. Method: In this practical I am going to change the weight and voltage, as two separate studys. I will do this by planning out how I will conduct the experiment: * Cut string at 1 metres length * I will tie the wire to the winch * Tie base of weights to the end of the string * Clam the motor to the end of the bench * Set up the circuit as shown in the diagram * Check with teacher that it is correct * Start with lowest weight and increase until all ten weights have been used * Time how long each weight takes to reach the top of the bench * Then repeat the experiment twice more * Measure the string to see if any increase in size * Then record results on to a table * Then using those results plot a graph My results table will look similar to the following: The efficiency of the motor W/n I/A V/V T/s IVT WH Efficiency 0.1 1. 2. 3. Average: Sensitivity: Make the string as long as possible, if I double the size it will have twice less the error in recording time. It is important to try and decrease the error in recording the time as this is the biggest error. The error in recording time is +/- 0.5 seconds. This error could be decreased if it was being done using a mechanical device but as I am controlling it myself the human error is large. I will measure the length to the length of the worktop so the length is maximised. Adding each weight gradually, having recordings for each weight 3 times therefore diving the error by three. Voltmeter and Ammeter flickers therefore less accurate. Therefore more likely to obtain anomalous results. Resistance in leads cause possible errors as less accurate measurements of voltage and current. Small weights allow weight to be changed and maximum weight can be lifted and can obtain ten results. Strong string, but light and does not get stretched; check the size of string before and after the experiment, so we can see any extension. Thin, so does not overlap on the rotating winch. Averages of recording will help improve accuracy. Plot a graph to show anomalies on a best fit, should show errors or a pattern. Weights might not be accurate weigh them to see if the weight is exact or not. the scales could also be inaccurate therefore hard to make it certain that there is less chance of error. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Electric Motor Efficiency Coursework Observation and Results Results: The efficiency of the motor W/N I/A V/V t/s IVt WH Efficiency % 0.1 1.29 4.56 1.0.5 2.0.48 3.0.42 Average: 0.47 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.47 = 2.764728 = 2.76 0.1 x 0.9 = 0.09 0.09 / 2.76 = 0.032552931 x 100 = 3.26 0.2 1.29 4.56 1.0.50 2.0.53 3.0.58 Average: 0.54 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.54 = 3.176496 = 3.18 0.2 x 0.9 = 0.18 0.18 / 3.18 = 0.056666213 x 100 = 5.66 0.3 1.29 4.56 1.0.59 2.0.64 3.0.60 Average: 0.61 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.61 = 3.588264 = 3.59 0.3 x 0.9 = 0.27 0.27 / 3.59 = 0.075245299 x 100 = 7.52 0.4 1.29 4.56 1.0.66 2.0.70 3.0.67 Average: 0.68 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.68 = 4.000032 = 4.00 0.4 x 0.9 = 0.36 0.36 / 4.00 = 0.08999928 x 100 = 9.00 0.5 1.29 4.56 1.0.72 2.0.77 3.0.75 Average: 0.75 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.75 = 4.4118 = 4.41 0.5 x 0.9 = 0.45 0.45 / 4.41 = 0.101999184 x 100 =10.20 0.6 1.29 4.56 1.0.87 2.0.79 3.0.82 Average: 0.82 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.82 = 4.823568 = 4.82 0.6 x 0.9 = 0.54 0.54 / 4.82 = 0.1119503239 x 100 = 11.20 0.7 1.29 4.56 1.0.84 2.0.88 3.0.94 Average: 0.89 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.89 = 5.235336 = 5.24 0.7 x 0.9 = 0.63 0.63 / 5.24 = 0.120336116 x 100 = 12.02 0.8 1.29 4.56 1.1.00 2.0.96 3.0.92 Average: 0.96 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.96 = 5.647104 = 5.65 0.8 x 0.9 = 0.72 0.72 / 5.65 = 0.12749898 x 100 = 12.74 0.9 1.29 4.56 1.1.01 2.1.05 3.1.02 Average: 1.03 1.29 x 4.56 x 1.03 = 6.058872 = 6.06 0.9 x 0.9 = 0.81 0.81 / 6.06 = 1.336882509 = 13.37 1.0 1.29 4.56 1.1.06 2.1.09 3.1.11 Average: 1.09 1.29 x 4.56 x 1.09 = 6.411816 = 6.41 1.0 x 0.9 = 0.90 0.90 / 6.41 = 1.403658496 = 14.04 See graphs. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Electric Motor Efficiency Coursework Interpretation and Evaluation Conclusion: As you can see from my results my prediction was correct, as you increase the weight on the motor it will have to do more work. As the voltage and current remained constant the efficiency became higher with the more weights that were placed on to the string to be lifted. Due to fact that the motor had to do more work, the time increased resulting in a positive gradient through my graph. Obviously the time was not as accurate as I would have hoped as the motor picked little weights quickly over short distances. The efficiency for the motor in this experiment was quite low, so not much of the energy put in was used usefully. The highest efficiency reached in my results was when picking up the top weight of 1N, which my calculations showed to have the efficiency of 14.04%, this means that 86.06% was wasted energy; this was probably due to the friction of moving parts in the motor resulting in heat and sound released into the environment. Evaluation: My experiment went reasonably well, I repeated my results three times this increased the amount of accuracy in the experiment, it helped divide error in time by three. I followed my plan making sure of safety and went through my method before conducting the experiment. The biggest error in the experiment as I have previously discussed was time, so it was unlikely that any one could have had results that were perfect. Other errors in my experiment were caused by practical faults, or by a more technical reason. The voltmeter and ammeter persistently changed value in the experiment; therefore we can tell that maybe some resistance was carried in the connecting leads. If I was to test again, I would change the timing technique by using a light gate instrument. To use the light gate instrument I would place the weight at the start when it starts to moving towards the motor it will pass a sensitive sensor that then turn the time of through some kind force mechanism. This could divide the human error by about ten. If I could repeat the test I would test the affect of voltage on the efficiency, and I would use one set number of weights. This test would probably show us a decrease in efficiency as the voltage is increased. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Plan Aim: In this investigation, I will be changing the factors of object distance and image distance, to find the focal length of a converging lens. Apparatus: Converging Lens (2, plus combination of both) Blue Tack Light Box Lens Stand Power Supply Ruler Screen Tape (Scissors) Diagram: Safety: In this experiment it is important to consider the safety aspects when carrying out this practical task; I will make sure of the following things before starting the experiment: * Equipment correctly setup (Above diagram), avoiding confusion, less chance of accidents. * Make sure that the leads from light box are working in order * The Power supply is working, and the voltage is not exceeding the limit * Check the circuit before starting and be standing during the experiment * Lens should be affixed firmly with blue tack to the Lens stand, no chance of breaking * Light box working and in order, light should be bright and clear * Do not look directly into the bright light, where safety goggles * Work top should be cleared of any objects which are not being used in the experiment * Apparatus should be spread out neatly and spaciously Keeping the same Changing Ruler Position/Measurement Points Object Distance (u) Voltage Image Distance (v) Light Bulb Lens (2 converging lenses, both lenses together for one set of results) Material of lens Variables: Theory: In this experiment we will be using converging lenses, any lens that is fatter at the centre than at its edges will converge. (Below) We can see a parallel beam converging through a point, F known as the principle focus of the lens. The distance from the lens to this point is called the focal length, f, of the lens. The power of a lens, P (the unit for the power of a lens is dioptre, D), can also be measured, which is the reciprocal of the focal length in metres: P = 1/f When a lens converges light, it carries with it an image of the source object correct in every detail. This can then be projected on to a screen, this is a real image. To get the clearest image the object distance (u), and image distance (v), must be exactly proportional to the focal length (f), (Previous diagram). The equation connecting the distance of an object from the lens and the distance for its image is: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v The focal length of converging lenses are positive, therefore the images produced are of real objects and images not virtual which can be produced by diverging lenses. Material of the lenses is a factor in this experiment but as I will be using glass it is important to know what effect this has on the lens and image. The material of the lens will not be changing. Glass is a clear transparent material and that is one of the reasons it is being used. Glass is harder than plastic therefore it does not scratch easily and it can then help produce a clear image. The material does not easily deform therefore the focal point can remain constant. Glass is good at transmitting light; it absorbs very little. The problem however is that glass reflects a proportion of the light. It reflects about 10% of the light this can be reduced by adding a anti-reflection coating to the lens. This increases the transmission of light up to 99% making the image brighter. Prediction: The fatter in the middle, out of the two lenses that I decide to use, the smaller the focal length. Therefore if one of the lenses is twice as fat in the middle compared to the other. Its focal length will be twice as short, because it will refract light at a doubly greater angle. Therefore I will be able to have a larger range of results with a fatter lens as image will appear earlier and take longer to fully deform. Therefore when both lenses are combined the focal length will obviously be smaller than that of both lenses in proportion. When I increase the size of the object distance (u, to then obtain a clearer picture I will probably have to decrease the size of v by a proportional amount if I would like to attain a clear picture. Therefore if I double the distance of object distance (u), I will have to therefore decrease the image distance by a proportional extent, to acquire a fine focus of the image. Therefore as I increase the length of both object distance (u) and the image distance (v), the picture will gradually become more distorted until it is no longer a real image. It is important that both the lenses are the same material if I want to obtain a good set of results. Both lenses should be transparent and have minimal scratches to prevent image being unclear. The lens must also be hard so it does not easily get affected in any form during the experiment, so there is less chance of the results being anomalous. Both lenses should not be deformed in shape or any other way, as this could affect the focal point from remaining constant. Method: In this practical I am going to change the object distance (u) and the image distance (v), to two different converging lenses. I will do this by planning out how I will conduct the experiment: * Clear the work top * Setup the power supply and connect the ray box * Blue Tack the metre rule to the work top, making sure it is secure * Set the lens stand in front of the ray box * Setup the screen in front of the lens stand * Calculate the focal length of the lens, by using parallel light from a window * Blue Tack the lens into the lens stand making sure it is secure * Switch on the power supply and gradually maximise the voltage * Stick tape on to side of ray box, lens and screen from were I will measure from and to * Using a setsquare measure the middle of the lens and check that all equipment is set out parallel, avoiding errors in measurements * Vary distance of object distance(u) and image distance (v) until I get a large range of well spaced results, I will repeat my readings so that I can obtain an average * Increase the lengths of both object distance(u) and image distance (v) until there is no longer a real image, increasing the length by 0.5 2.0 cm each time * Record my results in a table, It should be clear and informative, it should state any units * Plot my results onto a graph * The table will have ten results for both lenses, and the combination of both lenses, having a column for object distance (u), image distance (v), and the calculation of focal length (f), using the equation: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v My results table will look similar to the following: Lens (Focal length (cm), measured using parallel light) Object Distance/ u (cm) [1/u] Image Distance/ v (cm) [1/v] Focal Length (cm) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v 1 () Average: 2 () Average: 1;2 Combined () Average: Sensitivity: In this experiment it is important that I am aware of errors; I can decrease the amount of inaccuracies by checking the sensitivity of my practical when measuring and recording: To measure the lengths of object distance (u) and image distance (v), I will be using a metre rule and slowly increasing the lengths of both. The error in reading from a metre ruler in each reading is +/-0.5mm therefore the error in accuracy is +/-1mm. The error of a metre rule can be overcome and decreased by using a vernier callipers which would help divide the error by ten times, the error being +/-0.1mm. If more accuracy was needed a micrometer could be used which in fact is ten times more accurate then a vernier. It will also be important to make sure that the ruler is straight as well as any other equipment when measuring, and not at an angle. This could cause an error in the distance being measured. To overcome this I may use a setsquare to line up the equipment. With a ruler I might decide to place, it directly parallel to the end of the bench, and blue tack it firmly down. I could also use the setsquare to measure the middle of the lens so it is clear to see where I am measuring from. I will take a range of ten readings and make an average of three results for each reading therefore improving my results dividing the error by three. This then gives more accurate table of results. Errors could also happen if the lenses are scratched, if one is scratched more than the other it will therefore transmit less light and cause errors in my results. That is why it will be important to pick lenses that are similar in shape and only different in size. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Observation and Results Results: Lens (Focal length (cm), measured using parallel light) Object Distance/ u (cm) [1/u] Image Distance/ v (cm) [1/v] Focal Length (cm) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v Significant figures 1 (15.5) 19.2 [0.052083333] 26.0 [0.038461538] 32.9 [0.030395136] 39.7 [0.025188916] 46.6 [0.021459227] 53.4 [0.019026591] 60.3 [0.017083747] 67.1 [0.015003129] 74.0 [0.014013513] 80.8 [0.012376237] 80.8 [0.012376237] 38.5 [0.026074025] 29.4 [0.034013605] 25.5 [0.039215686] 23.3 [0.043018454] 21.9 [0.046062100] 20.9 [0.048046889] 20.2 [0.050004950] 19.6 [0.051020408] 19.2 [0.052083333] 15.513600230345936220 15.520380190718594327 15.530842990782881473 15.530840768304103486 15.533333671960007382 15.530677584360272210 15.520566955136062917 15.530002568715020987 15.500726658232962476 15.513600230345936220 Average:15.52 cm 2 (13.5) 16.1 [0.062111801] 23.6 [0.042372881] 31.2 [0.032051282] 38.7 [0.026039793] 46.2 [0.022045021] 53.8 [0.019087360] 61.3 [0.016313213] 68.8 [0.015034883] 76.4 [0.013089005] 83.9 [0.012018951] 83.9 [0.012018951] 31.6 [0.032045569] 23.8 [0.042016806] 20.8 [0.048076923] 19.1 [0.052356020] 18.0 [0.056055555] 17.3 [0.058003468] 16.8 [0.060023809] 16.4 [0.061075609] 16.1 [0.062111801] 13.510900068339168026 13.510145105713507916 13.501091050169946334 13.530739561427485496 13.513323413923325754 13.490465390320841850 13.492239351624501372 13.50280396526581916913.510900068339168026 Average: 13.51 cm 1;2 Combined (7.5) 08.2 [0.122051219] 17.5 [0.057142857] 26.8 [0.037313432] 36.1 [0.028000831] 45.4 [0.022026431] 54.6 [0.018315018] 63.9 [0.016049452] 73.2 [0.014061202] 82.5 [0.012121212] 91.8 [0.011093246] 91.8 [0.011093246] 13.1 [0.076335877] 10.4 [0.096153846] 09.5 [0.105263157] 09.0 [0.111111111] 08.7 [0.115042528] 08.5 [0.118047058] 08.4 [0.119047619] 08.3 [0.120481927] 08.2 [0.122051219] 7.5306000396403418087 7.4918301217930340874 7.4924731738366612976 7.5208333853524309154 7.5110294585429555249 7.5042654620099337564 7.5020718847027577841 7.5452941309003114420 7.5412996067913595922 7.5306000396403418087 Average: 7.52 cm See graphs. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Interpretation and Evaluation Conclusion: As we can see from my results the fatter in the middle, out of the two lenses that I decided to use, the smaller the focal length. This is because the lens refracts light at a greater angle. Therefore I will have a large range of results with a fatter lens as image will appeared earlier and took longer to fully deform. Therefore when both lenses were combined the focal length was being smaller than that of both lenses in proportion, as I had earlier predicted. When I increased the size of the object distance (u), to obtain a clear picture, I had to decrease the size of v by a proportional amount. Therefore when I increased the length of both object distance (u) and the image distance (v), the picture gradually became more distorted until it was no longer a real image. It was important that both the lenses were the same material as I wanted to obtain a good set of results. Both lenses were transparent and had minimal scratches to prevent image being unclear. The lens was also hard so it did not easily get affected in any form during the experiment, so there was less chance of the results being anomalous. Both lenses were not deformed in shape or any other way, the glass material was not deformed so it did not affect the focal point from remaining constant. Evaluation: I could have done the experiment differently by measuring the distances more accurately, for example the focal length as then I could have see how accurate my results were. To have done this I might have used a vernier calliper, which could have helped divided errors by ten times. I could have also have improved my experiment by checking the measuring points more carefully and this would have made the difference in accuracy. Using a setsquare to measure the middle of the lens was not as accurate as I would have hoped as the stand was where I eventually measured from because the ruler was in a fixed position. I also had anomalies as combining lenses probably was not that accurate as the glass was still separate from each other and maybe the results were inaccurate due to this. It was hard to choose the position to measure the light from as it was hard to be accurate in choosing where the light started as the bulb was covered from the sides as it was in a ray box. In think if I was to do this experiment over I would use a larger range in the lenses as it would have given me a better range of results, and when combining the lenses using something to hold them tight. I would have also spent more time in using a different measurements if the lenses could have produced a larger range of results.

Kenya essays

Kenya essays Kenya is a country on the eastern coast of Africa, right on the equator. It is a land of striking landscapes, ranging from snow-capped Mount Kenya to rich farmlands, barren deserts and tropical beaches. A former British colony, Kenya is now made up of eight provinces in that range in geographical size from the small Nairobi Province to the much larger Eastern and Rift Valley Provinces. The Provinces also range in population from the densely populated Nairobi Province, to the sparsely populated North East. The eight provinces are: Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi, North East, Nyanza, Rift Valley and Western Province. Each Province is subdivided into districts. Kenya borders Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan in the north, Uganda in the west, Tanzania in the south, and the Indian Ocean in the East. Kenya's capital city is Nairobi with a population of approximately 1.4 million people. The other major towns are Mombasa the main port on the Indian Ocean with an estimated population of 1 milli on and Kisumu on Lake Victoria with an estimated population of 400,000 people. Kenya's population is growing rapidly. Most Kenyans are country people - small-scale, independent farmers and ranchers. Only about 25% of the people live in urban areas, one of the lowest percentages in the world. For thousands of years, ships have sailed to the coast of Kenya from Arabia and southern Asia exploiting Africa's natural resources for the sole purpose of bringing money back to their homelands so their countries businesses and economies could flourish. Because of the extensive exploitation and dependence on other country's materials and agriculture, there has been a tremendous impact on Kenya's economy, society, and government especially since Kenya's independence in 1960. Before the turn of the twentieth century, Kenya was mainly inhabited by the African peoples and its economy was almost entirely at a subsistence level. Because money as we know it today did...